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The Vikings’ ships were the greatest technical and artistic achievement of the European Dark Ages. Without these great ships the Viking Age would never had happened and the success of the Vikings would never have been as far-stretched.
Unfortunately, very few remains of Viking ships have been discovered. One Viking ship that can provide us with information about Viking burial customs, traditions, importance of certain artifacts as well as Viking technology is the Oseberg Ship that was discovered at Oseberg, Norway in 1904 by Knut Rom, a local farmer.
The Oseberg Ship is an astonishingly well-preserved Viking shi. It has been labeled as one of the finest finds of the Viking Age.
It was unearthed in a very damp burial mound which is the reason why the ship survived almost intact. The excavation of the Oseberg ship was led by Professor Gabriel Gustafson of the University’s Collection of National Antiquities in Oslo. Naturally, a remarkable discovery like this one drew great interest from the public. It became necessary to secure the dig with a fence, signs and a guard to ensure that nobody disturbed the work or got too close to the remains.
The Oseberg ship – Viking Ship Museum, Norway
The excavation itself took less than three months, but it took 21 years to prepare and restore the ship and most of the finds. The ship was dried out very slowly before being put together.
he Oseberg Viking ship measured 21.40m long by 5.10m wide. It was constructed primarily out of oak planks and the vessel’s bow and stern were covered in elaborate carvings, while it contained 15 pairs of oar holes which meant up to 30 men could row the ship as required.
Excavation of Oseberg ship in 1904 Photo: Museum of Cultural History (Photographer: Væring)
The Oseberg ship was used as a burial ship for two Viking women who died in 834. A burial chamber was dug right behind the ship’s mast. Inside, the walls were decorated with fantastic woven tapestries and the dead women lay on a raised bed.
The women had a number of burial gifts with them. There were personal items such as clothes, shoes and combs, ship’s equipment, kitchen equipment, farm equipment, three ornate sledges and a working sledge, a wagon, five carved animal heads, five beds and two tents. There were fifteen horses, six dogs and two small cows.
Animal head post from the Oseberg ship burial.
Investigation of the skeletons showed that the older woman was about 70 to 80 when she died, probably of cancer. The other woman was younger, a little over 50. We do not know what she died of.
The identity of the two women remains a mystery. Some have speculated that one of the women may be Queen Åsa, the grandmother of Norway’s first king, although this remains unproven.
To have received a prominent burial like this one, clearly suggest they must have held a special position in the community.
Detail from the Oseberg ship. Image credit: Karamell
Were they political or religious leaders? Who was the most prominent person in the grave? Was one a sacrifice, to accompany the other into the kingdom of the dead? Were they related? Where did they come from? These are questions we cannot answer.
Oseberg bucket (© Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Norway)
For whoever built the Oseberg ship, it must have been very important to make it a particularly handsome vessel. He or she used great resources in having the ship decorated. Beautiful animal ornamentation has been carved from the keel, down below the waterline, and up along the bow post, which ends in a snake’s head of twisting spiral. Such a richly decorated ship must surely have been reserved for special members of the aristocracy.
The famous Oseburg ‘Buddha’
The grave was disturbed in antiquity and any precious metals that may have been present were stolen, but there were still other ancient treasures left.
Model of Oseberg Ship in Maritime Museum in Stockholm, Sweden. Image credit: Wikipedia
Several remarkable artifacts were found such as for example the famous Oseburg ‘Buddha’ who was sitting in the lotus position. The bucket is made from yew wood, held together with brass strips, and the handle is attached to two anthropomorphic figures compared to depictions of the Buddha in the lotus posture, although any connection is most uncertain. More relevant is the connection between the patterned enamel torso and similar human figures in the Gospel books of the Insular art of the British Isles, such as the Book of Durrow.
The Oseberg bed. On of 3 beds found on the ship (© Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Norway)
A remarkable collection of wooden and textile artifacts were left behind by the grave robbers. These included four elaborately decorated sleighs, a richly carved four-wheel wooden cart, three beds as well as a number of wooden chests. More mundane items such as agricultural and household tools were also found.
The Oseberg ship and its priceless ancient artifacts are on display at the Viking Ship Museum, Oslo, Norway.*
Source: messagetoeagle.com (06-2016)
